NCBDE-CDE : NCBDE Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE) Exam

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Which of the following medications is a rapid-acting insulin?
1. Insulin glargine (Lantus)
2. Insulin detemir (Levemir)
3. Insulin aspart (NovoLog)
sulin lispro (Humalog) wer: C
anation: Rapid-acting insulin is a type of insulin that is characterized onset of action and shorter duration. It is typically taken just before m lp control post-meal blood sugar spikes. Insulin aspart (NovoLog) is
-acting insulin analog that starts working within 10-20 minutes after tion and reaches its peak effect within 1-3 hours. Options A and B ref acting insulins, while options D and E refer to other rapid-acting insu ogs.
stion: 2
tient with type 2 diabetes is considering using an herbal supplement f emic control. Which of the following should be considered when ussing the use of non-prescription preparations?
Insulin glulisine (Apidra)
4. In
Ans
Expl by its
quick eals
to he a
rapid
injec er to
long- lin
anal
Que
A pa or
glyc disc
1. Herbal supplements are generally safe and can be used without any concerns.
2. Non-prescription preparations are not regulated by any authorities.
3. Herbal supplements can have interactions with prescribed medications.
4. Non-prescription preparations are proven to be effective in managing diabetes.
DA, so their safety and efficacy may not be well-established. It is cru atients to consult with their healthcare provider before using any non- cription preparations.
stion: 3
ch of the following is a potential side effect of thiazolidinediones (TZ ypoglycemia
eight gain astrointestinal upset ncreased heart rate
wer: B
anation: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can cause weight gain as a side ef are associated with fluid retention and an increase in adipose tissue. oglycemia is more commonly associated with other classes of antidiab
Explanation: When discussing the use of non-prescription preparations, it is important tohighlight that herbal supplements can have interactions with prescribed medications. Many herbal supplements can interact with antidiabetic medications, leading to unpredictable effects on blood glucose levels. Additionally, non-prescription preparations are not regulated by authorities like the F cial
for p pres
Que
Whi Ds)?
1. H
2. W
3. G
4. I
Ans
Expl fect.
They
Hyp etic
medications, such as sulfonylureas or insulin. Gastrointestinal upset and increased heart rate are not typical side effects of TZDs.
Question: 4
Which of the following is a potential side effect of using sodium-glucose co- transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors?
1. Hypoglycemia
2. Weight gain
3. Gastrointestinal upset
4. Increased risk of urinary tract infections
anation: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a cl cations used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by inhibiting the sorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excret
urine. While SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well-tolerated, a potent ffect associated with their use is an increased risk of urinary tract tions. This is because the increased glucose in the urine can provide a rable environment for bacterial growth. Options A, B, C, and E are no monly associated with SGLT2 inhibitors. Hypoglycemia is more monly associated with other diabetes medications, weight gain is not a al side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors, gastrointestinal upset is more monly associated with metformin, and SGLT2 inhibitors tend to have est blood pressure-lowering effect.
stion: 5
ch of the following medications is classified as a long-acting basal ins
Increased blood pressure Answer: D
Expl ass of
medi
reab ion
in the ial
side e infec
favo t
com com typic
com a
mod
Que
Whi ulin?
1. Lispro (Humalog)
2. Aspart (NovoLog)
3. Glargine (Lantus)
4. Regular (Novolin R)
Explanation: Glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting basal insulin that provides a relatively constant level of insulin action over a 24-hour period. Lispro (Humalog) and Aspart (NovoLog) are examples of rapid-acting insulins used to cover mealtime insulin needs. Regular (Novolin R) is a short-acting insulin with an onset of action within 30 minutes.
tient with type 1 diabetes is experiencing recurrent hypoglycemic epis ch of the following adjustments to the insulin regimen is most appropr
ncreasing the basal insulin dose ecreasing the basal insulin dose creasing the prandial insulin dose ecreasing the prandial insulin dose
wer: D
anation: Recurrent hypoglycemic episodes in a patient with type 1 dia uggest excessive prandial insulin doses. Prandial insulin refers to the in administered before meals to cover the rise in blood glucose follow intake. To prevent hypoglycemia, it may be necessary to decrease the dial insulin dose while maintaining the basal insulin dose. Increasing t insulin dose or decreasing the prandial insulin dose would likely erbate hypoglycemia.
Question: 6
A pa odes.
Whi iate?
1. I
2. D
3. In
4. D
Ans
Expl betes
may s
insul ing
food
pran he
basal exac
Question: 7
Which of the following delivery systems provides continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion?
1. Insulin jet injector
2. Insulin pump
3. Insulin patch Answer: C
nd allows for bolus doses at mealtime. Pen devices are used for nistering insulin injections, while insulin jet injectors use high-pressu liver insulin without the need for needles. Insulin patches are not curr able as a delivery system for insulin.
stion: 8
ording to ADA guidelines, which of the following statements is true ding the management of type 2 diabetes?
ifestyle modifications are not recommended as a first-line treatment o harmacological intervention should be initiated immediately upon nosis.
etformin is the preferred initial pharmacological agent in most patient nsulin therapy should be initiated before attempting other treatment op
wer: C
Explanation: An insulin pump is a delivery system that provides continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. It delivers a basal rate of insulin throughout the day a
admi re air
to de ently
avail
Que
Acc regar
1. L ption.
2. P
diag
3. M s.
4. I tions.
Ans
Explanation: According to ADA guidelines, lifestyle modifications, including weight loss, healthy diet, and exercise, are recommended as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. However, if lifestyle modifications alone are not sufficient to achieve glycemic control, pharmacological intervention should be considered. Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacological agent in most patients, unless contraindicated. Insulin therapy is usually reserved for cases where other treatment options have failed to achieve glycemic targets.
Question: 9
Which of the following is a potential acute complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis?
1. Hypoglycemia
iabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) hronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
wer: C
anation: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of dia acterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. It is more monly seen in individuals with type 1 diabetes but can also occur in iduals with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. Hypoglycem
to low blood glucose levels, while Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar St
S) is a distinct acute complication characterized by severe hyperglyce ehydration. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a chronic complicatio etes affecting the kidneys.
stion: 10
of the following are true about insulin except:
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)
2. D
3. C
Ans
Expl betes
char com
indiv ia
refers ate
(HH mia
and d n of
diab
Que
All
1. Most people with type 1 diabetes take insulin by injecting it with a needle and syringe or an insulin pen to mimic normal insulin release as closely as possible.
2. People without diabetes have a high level of insulin available in the blood most of the time.
3. A regular schedule of insulin injections using different forms of insulin
needs to be developed for those with type 1 diabetes.
4. Closed loop systems that automatically deliver the necessary amount of insulin are being developed.
5. Insulin can be administered through various methods, including insulin pumps and inhalation devices.
anation: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates sugar levels. In people without diabetes, insulin is released in respon
ated blood sugar levels and helps transport glucose into cells for energ ever, individuals with type 1 diabetes, who do not produce enough or in, need to inject insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. There n B is incorrect as it states that people without diabetes have a high l sulin available in the blood most of the time, which is not true.
stion: 11
ch of the following medications used in the treatment of diabetes is kn ve significant drug-drug interactions with statins?
etformin lipizide oglitazone itagliptin
Answer: B Expl
blood se to
elev y.
How any
insul fore,
optio evel
of in
Que
Whi own
to ha
1. M
2. G
3. Pi
4. S
Answer: C
Explanation: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), is known to have significant drug-drug interactions with statins. It can increase the plasma concentration of certain statins, such as simvastatin and lovastatin, leading to an increased risk of statin-induced myopathy or rhabdomyolysis. Metformin,
glipizide, and sitagliptin do not have significant interactions with statins.
Question: 12
Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
1. Hyperglycemia with ketosis
ypoglycemia with ketosis ormoglycemia with acidosis ormoglycemia with ketosis
wer: A
anation: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of dia acterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and ketosis. It most monly occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes but can also occur in le with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. DKA is typically ered by a combination of high blood sugar levels, insulin deficiency, a crease in counter-regulatory hormones such as glucagon and holamines. The presence of ketones in the blood and urine is a defini re of DKA. Options B, C, D, and E do not accurately describe the acteristic features of DKA.
stion: 13
Hypoglycemia with acidosis
2. H
3. N
4. N
Ans
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char com peop
trigg nd
an in
catec ng
featu char
Que
Which of the following is a chronic complication of diabetes that primarily affects the kidneys?
1. Retinopathy
2. Neuropathy
3. Nephropathy
4. Gastropathy
5. Cardiovascular disease Answer: C
ropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and ma re dialysis or kidney transplantation. Options A, B, D, and E refer to nic complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy (eye disease), opathy (nerve damage), gastropathy (stomach-related complications), ovascular disease (heart and blood vessel-related complications).
Explanation: Nephropathy refers to kidney damage that occurs as a result of diabetes. It is a chronic complication that primarily affects the kidneys and is characterized by the progressive decline in kidney function. Diabetes
neph y
requi other
chro
neur and
cardi

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