ACCNS-P : AACN Clinical Nurse Specialist - Wellness through Acute Care (Pediatric) Exam

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AACN Clinical Nurse Specialist - Wellness through Acute Care (Pediatric)
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Question: 1
A 6-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
1. Administering a rapid-acting glucagon injection
2. Administering oral glucose gel or tablets
dministering an oral hypoglycemic agent
wer: B
anation: Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood glucose levels a ead to neurologic symptoms if untreated. The initial treatment for glycemia in a conscious child is the administration of oral glucose gel ts. Glucagon injection is used in severe cases of hypoglycemia or whe is unconscious and unable to swallow. Rapid-acting insulin injection ypoglycemic agents are not appropriate interventions for hypoglyce
stion: 2
-year-old adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the gency department with symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). W atory finding would the nurse expect to see in this patient?
Administering a rapid-acting insulin injection
3. A
Ans
Expl nd
can l
hypo or
table n the
child s and
oral h mia.
Que
A 16
emer hich
labor
1. Hyperglycemia and metabolic alkalosis
2. Hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis
3. Hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis
4. Hypoglycemia and metabolic alkalosis
Answer: C
Explanation: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. Hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis are hallmark findings in DKA) Hypoglycemia and metabolic alkalosis are not consistent with the pathophysiology of DKA.
-year-old adolescent presents with symptoms of growth hormone iency. Which assessment finding would be consistent with this condit
xcessive growth of facial and body hair ypertension and weight gain
apid growth and increased appetite elayed puberty and short stature
wer: D
anation: Growth hormone deficiency in adolescents can result in dela rty and short stature. Excessive growth of facial and body hair is mor monly associated with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome i les or androgen excess disorders in males. Rapid growth and increase tite may be seen in conditions like gigantism oracromegaly, which res excessive growth hormone production. Hypertension and weight gain ypically associated with growth hormone deficiency.
Question: 3
A 14
defic ion?
1. E
2. H
3. R
4. D
Ans
Expl yed
pube e
com n
fema d
appe ult
from are
not t
Question: 4
A 12-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with suspected adrenal insufficiency. Which clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to assess in this child?
1. Hyperglycemia and polyuria
2. Hypertension and tachycardia
3. Hypotension and weight loss
4. Hypoglycemia and lethargy Answer: C
nal hormones, particularly cortisol. Clinical manifestations include tension, weight loss, fatigue, and electrolyte imbalances. Hyperglyce olyuria are more commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, while rtension and tachycardia are not typical findings in adrenal insufficien oglycemia and lethargy are more commonly seen in insulin excess or in resistance disorders, such as diabetes mellitus.
stion: 5
year-old child is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which clinical festation would the nurse expect to assess in this child?
eat intolerance and weight loss achycardia and hypertension xophthalmos and goiter
old intolerance and weight gain
wer: D
Explanation: Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by decreased production of adre
hypo mia
and p
hype cy.
Hyp insul
Que
A 7-
mani
1. H
2. T
3. E
4. C
Ans
Explanation: Hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased production of thyroid hormones, resulting in a decreased metabolic rate. Clinical manifestations include cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue, constipation, and slowed growth. Heat intolerance and weight loss are more commonly seen in hyperthyroidism. Tachycardia and hypertension may be present in hyperthyroidism but are not typical findings in hypothyroidism. Exophthalmos
and goiter are associated with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder causing hyperthyroidism.
Question: 6
yponatremia ypokalemia ypernatremia yperkalemia
wer: A
anation: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion DH) is characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone H), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Hypernatr ondition characterized by high plasma sodium levels. Hypokalemia a rkalemia refer to low and high levels of potassium, respectively, and a irectly related to SIADH.
stion: 7
A 9-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse expect to assess in this child?
1. H
2. H
3. H
4. H
Ans Expl
(SIA
(AD emia
is a c nd
hype re
not d
Que
A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to assess in this child?
1. Cold intolerance and weight gain
2. Bradycardia and constipation
3. Hypotension and depression
4. Heat intolerance and weight loss
Answer: D
tension, and depression are not typical findings in hyperthyroidism.
stion: 8
-year-old child with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus is at ris loping hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which clinical festation would the nurse expect to assess in this child?
ussmaul respirations ruity breath odor
xtreme thirst and polyuria bdominal pain and vomiting
wer: C
anation: Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) is a life-threatenin plication of diabetes mellitus characterized by profound hyperglycemi dration, and hyperosmolarity without significant ketoacidosis. Clinica
Explanation: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones, resulting in an increased metabolic rate. Clinical manifestations include heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, tremors, hyperactivity, and increased appetite. Cold intolerance and weight gain are more commonly seen in hypothyroidism. Bradycardia, constipation,
hypo
Que
A 10 k for
deve mani
1. K
2. F
3. E
4. A
Ans
Expl g
com a,
dehy l
manifestations include extreme thirst (polydipsia) and polyuria due to osmotic diuresis. Kussmaul respirations and fruity breath odor are more commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Abdominal pain and vomiting may be present in both DKA and HHS but are more commonly associated with DKA.
Question: 9
A neonate is diagnosed with a rare inborn error of metabolism. The nurse understands that which of the following is a key characteristic of inborn errors of metabolism?
1. They are acquired during childhood due to environmental factors
2. They are caused by a deficiency of specific enzymes
3. They are typically resolved by adulthood
wer: B
anation: Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders caused by a iency or dysfunction of specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathw are not acquired during childhood but are present from birth. Inborn
of metabolism are chronic conditions that often require lifelong agement. The prevalence of these disorders varies, and they can affect
and females.
They are more common in females than in males
Ans Expl
defic ays.
They errors
man both
males

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