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BCNS-CNS : Board Certified Nutrition Specialist 2025 Exam

Medical BCNS-CNS Questions & Answers

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BCNS-CNS


Board Certified Nutrition Specialist 2025


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Question: 1118


the primary dietary recommendation for individuals with hepatic disorders to help manage oms related to portal hypertension?


gh sodium intake protein intake

h carbohydrate diet

sodium intake and adequate caloric intake er: D

nation: Low sodium intake is crucial for managing portal hypertension as it helps reduce flui on and swelling. Adequate caloric intake ensures nutritional needs are met without exacerbat oms.


ion: 1119


nt experiencing severe gastrointestinal distress has been advised to follow a low FODMAP d approach should the dietitian take to ensure proper adherence while monitoring nutrient inta


minate all carbohydrates

vide a list of safe and high-FODMAP foods ucate on gradual reintroduction of foods

cus only on symptom management

What is sympt


  1. Hi

  2. Low

  3. Hig

  4. Low Answ

Expla d

retenti ing

sympt


Quest


A clie iet.

Which ke?


  1. Eli

  2. Pro

  3. Ed

  4. Fo


Answer: C


Explanation: Educating clients on the gradual reintroduction of foods allows for the identification of triggers while ensuring a balanced intake of nutrients during the elimination phase.


Question: 1120

Which of the following statements best describes the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human health?


  1. ROS exclusively promote cellular aging.

  2. ROS have no physiological role in the body.

  3. ROS can act as signaling molecules in cellular processes.

  4. ROS are only harmful and do not support any cellular functions. Answer: C

ses, including inflammation and apoptosis, in addition to their roles in oxidative damage.


ion: 1121


ssessing the validity of a nutrition-related claim made by a popular diet book, which of the ing steps should a nutrition specialist prioritize?


aluating the book's sales rank and popularity ecking the author's background and credentials

oring the claims if they are not supported by mainstream media suming the claims are valid if they align with personal beliefs


er: B


nation: Evaluating the author's background and credentials is crucial for determining the vali made in a diet book, as it helps identify potential biases and expertise.


ion: 1122


a routine health assessment, a 50-year-old woman is found to have a waist-to-hip ratio of 0 MI of 30. Based on the assessment of her body composition, what classification do these

Explanation: Reactive oxygen species can serve as signaling molecules that regulate various cellular proces


Quest


When a follow


  1. Ev

  2. Ch

  3. Ign

  4. As


Answ


Expla dity of

claims


Quest


During .85

and a B

measurements indicate regarding her risk for chronic diseases?


  1. Low risk for chronic diseases

  2. High risk for chronic diseases

  3. Moderate risk for chronic diseases

  4. Very high risk for chronic diseases Answer: B

Explanation: A waist-to-hip ratio above 0.85 in women, combined with a BMI of 30, indicates a high

risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.


Question: 1123

Which of the following statements regarding the role of enzymes in the Krebs cycle is correct?


  1. Each enzyme in the Krebs cycle catalyzes a specific reaction that is dependent on the presence of co- factors and substrates.

  2. Enzymes in the Krebs cycle do not require co-factors to function.

    zyme activity in the Krebs cycle is not influenced by the availability of substrates. er: A

    nation: Each enzyme in the Krebs cycle catalyzes specific reactions that require both substrat tors, and the cycle is subject to regulation based on metabolic needs.


    ion: 1124


    atient with severe lactose intolerance, which of the following dairy alternatives is most priate to recommend, providing similar nutritional benefits without gastrointestinal distress?


    mond milk milk

    conut milk milk


    er: D


    nation: Soy milk is rich in protein, similar to cow's milk, and is often fortified with calcium D, making it a suitable alternative for individuals with lactose intolerance.

    The Krebs cycle operates independently of any regulatory mechanisms.

  3. En


Answ


Expla es and

co-fac


Quest


For a p appro


  1. Al

  2. Rice

  3. Co

  4. Soy Answ

Expla and

vitamin


Question: 1125


What is the impact of dietary habits established in childhood on the long-term health of individuals as they age?


  1. They are easily modified in adulthood

  2. They can predispose individuals to chronic diseases later in life

  3. They have no lasting effects on health

  4. They become irrelevant after adolescence

Answer: B


Explanation: Dietary habits established in childhood can predispose individuals to chronic diseases later in life, underscoring the importance of promoting healthy eating patterns early on.


Question: 1126

olism requires specific cofactors to function optimally, and what is a key dietary source of o ofactors?


oprotein lipase; requires vitamin B12, found in animal products. rmone-sensitive lipase; needs magnesium, sourced from nuts. etyl-CoA carboxylase; needs biotin, found in egg yolks.

ncreatic lipase; requires calcium, abundant in dairy. er: C

nation: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, involved in lipid metabolism, requires biotin as a cofactor. nd in egg yolks, making it an important dietary component for metabolic health.


ion: 1127


the most significant factor affecting the safety of food in home kitchens, particularly conc evention of cross-contamination?


of single-use kitchen items

areness of proper food storage techniques eping raw and cooked foods separate plementation of strict cleaning protocols

A patient with obesity is interested in metabolic health. Which specific enzyme involved in lipid metab ne of

these c


  1. Lip

  2. Ho

  3. Ac

  4. Pa


Answ


Expla Biotin

is fou


Quest


What is erning

the pr


  1. Use

  2. Aw

  3. Ke

  4. Im


Answer: C


Explanation: Keeping raw and cooked foods separate is crucial to preventing cross-contamination, which is a major source of foodborne illness in home kitchens.


Question: 1128


A 45-year-old woman is experiencing significant stress due to work and family responsibilities, affecting

her eating habits. What should be the primary focus of her nutritional counseling to improve her overall well-being?


  1. Implementing strict dietary rules to control weight

  2. Advising her to skip meals to manage calorie intake

  3. Encouraging avoidance of all social meals to focus on personal habits

  4. Addressing stress management techniques alongside balanced nutrition Answer: D

well-being and eating habits.


ion: 1129


ent undergoing computerized analysis of food intake reports a daily consumption of 1500 cal ily from processed foods. What is the most critical nutrient deficiency you might expect in this io?


tein er

ega-3 fatty acids amins and minerals


er: D


nation: Processed foods are often low in essential vitamins and minerals, leading to multiple deficiencies despite adequate caloric intake.


ion: 1130


itionist is developing a meal plan for a 34-year-old woman with celiac disease. Which of the

Explanation: Combining stress management techniques with balanced nutrition can help improve her overall


Quest


A pati ories,

primar scenar


  1. Pro

  2. Fib

  3. Om

  4. Vit Answ

Expla nutrient


Quest


A nutr

following food items should be avoided entirely in her diet?


  1. Wheat-based pasta

  2. Oats (uncontaminated)

  3. Quinoa

  4. Rice Answer: A

Explanation: Wheat-based pasta contains gluten, which must be completely avoided by individuals with

celiac disease to prevent symptoms and intestinal damage.


Question: 1131


During a comprehensive medical nutrition health history, a client mentions a family history of cardiovascular disease and their recent adoption of a high-sodium diet due to convenience. Which dietary assessment tool would be most effective in identifying potential risk factors related to nutrient intake and health outcomes?


hour dietary recall history interview

od frequency questionnaire trient analysis software


er: B


nation: A diet history interview provides a detailed understanding of long-term dietary patter s crucial for assessing risk factors related to cardiovascular disease.


ion: 1132


year-old patient presents with metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance and sed oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that the activation of certain inflammatory pathw ontribute to these conditions. Which of the following pathways is most directly associated w cement of insulin resistance through inflammatory mediators?


K/STAT signaling pathway MPK pathway

kB pathway OR pathway


er: C

  • 24-

  • Diet

  • Fo

  • Nu


    • Answ


    Expla ns,

    which i


    Quest


    A 45-

    increa ays

    may c ith the

    enhan


    1. JA

    2. A

    3. NF-

    4. mT


    Answ


    Explanation: The NF-kB pathway is known to be activated by various inflammatory cytokines and plays a significant role in promoting insulin resistance through the transcription of genes that mediate inflammation.


    Question: 1133


    Which nutrient is critical for proper neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain, and what dietary source is

    particularly rich in this nutrient?


    1. Tryptophan; found in turkey and chicken

    2. Vitamin D; found in fortified dairy products

    3. Omega-3 fatty acids; found abundantly in flaxseeds

    4. Folate; found in citrus fruits Answer: A

    phan.


    ion: 1134


    ent with a family history of type 1 diabetes is concerned about their own risk. Which of the ing statements about dietary interventions and diabetes prevention is most accurate?


    reasing intake of high-fiber foods has no effect on diabetes risk.

    ere is strong evidence that avoiding all carbohydrates prevents type 1 diabetes.

    avy consumption of dairy products is a proven risk factor for developing type 1 diabetes. alanced diet with healthy fats and low glycemic carbohydrates can support metabolic health.


    er: D


    nation: A balanced diet can support metabolic health and potentially lower the risk of develo es, though type 1 diabetes is not directly preventable through diet.


    ion: 1135


    essing the dietary intake of a group of athletes, you find that many consume excessive protei ments. What is a potential risk associated with chronic high protein intake?

    Explanation: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that serves as a precursor for serotonin, a key neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation. Foods like turkey and chicken are rich sources of trypto


    Quest


    A pati follow


    1. Inc

    2. Th

    3. He

    4. A b


    Answ


    Expla ping

    diabet


    Quest


    In ass n

    supple


    1. Increased muscle mass

    2. Improved hydration

    3. Enhanced energy levels

    4. Kidney damage Answer: D

    Explanation: Chronic high protein intake can strain the kidneys, particularly in individuals with pre- existing kidney conditions, leading to potential long-term damage.

    Question: 1136


    A patient is experiencing muscle cramps and weakness. Upon reviewing their dietary habits and laboratory data, you note low magnesium levels. Which of the following foods could you recommend to increase their magnesium intake?


    1. Lean meats

      ole grains and nuts cessed snacks


      er: C


      nation: Whole grains and nuts are excellent sources of magnesium, which can help alleviate oms associated with magnesium deficiency, such as muscle cramps.


      ion: 1137


      ontext of evidence-based research, which type of study design is considered the gold stand mining causal relationships in nutrition science?


      oss-sectional studies hort studies

      e-control studies ndomized controlled trials


      er: D


      nation: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) minimize bias and allow for the establishment o relationships between dietary interventions and health outcomes.

      Dairy products

    2. Wh

    3. Pro Answ

    Expla sympt


    Quest


    In the c ard for

    deter


    1. Cr

    2. Co

    3. Cas

    4. Ra


    Answ


    Expla f

    causal


    Question: 1138


    In evaluating a patient's supplement regimen, which of the following scenarios could indicate a risk of nutrient toxicity due to excessive intake of fat-soluble vitamins?


    1. Regularly eating fatty fish while taking a multivitamin

    2. Consuming fortified orange juice with added calcium

    3. Taking high doses of vitamin A without medical supervision

    4. Using a low-fat cooking spray Answer: C

    Explanation: Fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamin A, can accumulate to toxic levels if taken in excessive doses, especially without medical supervision.


    Question: 1139


    year-old male is experiencing cognitive decline and is looking for ways to improve his brain diet. Which dietary component should be emphasized to support cognitive function and ov


    gh intake of processed sugars using solely on protein intake ct avoidance of all fats

    orporation of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants er: D

    nation: Omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants are linked to improved cognitive function and o making them important dietary components for older adults.


    ion: 1140


    of the following is a significant consideration for nutrition specialists when evaluating the i dietary recommendations on clients' psychosocial well-being?


    cost of recommended foods

    popularity of the diet among other professionals scientific validity of the diet's nutritional benefits

    potential for dietary changes to affect clients' social interactions

    A 70- health

    through erall

    health?


    1. Hi

    2. Foc

    3. Stri

    4. Inc Answ

    Expla verall

    health,


    Quest


    Which mpact

    of their


    1. The

    2. The

    3. The

    4. The Answer: D

    Explanation: Dietary changes can significantly affect clients' social interactions and psychosocial well- being, making it essential for nutrition specialists to consider these factors in their recommendations.


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